By a decision of November 25, 2021, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) ruled that the practice of displaying an advertisement under the appearance of an e-mail in the users’ e-mail box is subject to the prior information and consent of the users (as required under directive 2002/58/EC), without which it also constitutes an unfair commercial practice insofar as this practice corresponds to the notion of “repeated and unwanted solicitations” within the meaning of the Directive 2005/29/EC (“Unfair Commercial Practices Directive”) .